4 research outputs found

    Exploring the possibilities of parsimonious nitrogen modelling in different ecosystems

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    [EN] Nitrogen is a fundamental component of living organisms, but it is also in short supply in forms in which vegetation can assimilate. As a result, nitrogen is a limiting element for vegetation growth. However, as a consequence of the human-mediated introduction of mineral nitrogen, nitrogen is also a major pollutant in anthropogenic ecosystems. Both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems supply important goods and services for the human wellbeing and in order to maintain the human living standards, there is a necessity of preserving natural ecosystems over time on one side, while improving the sustainability of anthropogenic ecosystems on the other. In that sense, mathematical models including the nitrogen cycle are useful tools which allow the analysis of the relationships and behaviours of these ecosystems, and there is a clear need to continue to develop and test nitrogen models, principally, models with an integrated approach, capable to deal with the different characteristics and behaviours of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems. Hence, the aim of the present thesis is to improve the nitrogen cycle modelling, exploring different parsimonious modelling approaches within the plant-soil-water continuum in natural and anthropogenic semiarid ecosystems. To face this objective, two parsimonious nitrogen models have been developed and implemented in two different data availability scenarios. Firstly, a new parsimonious carbon and nitrogen model, TETIS-CN, is implemented in a semiarid natural forest ecosystem trying to contribute to a better understanding and modelling of the hydrological and biogeochemical (carbon and nitrogen) cycles and their interactions in semiarid conditions and to test its capability to satisfactorily reproduce them. The results are satisfactory and suggest that it is important to include carbon observations in the calibration process, to consider all the existing vegetation species in the simulation, and that a fixed daily potential uptake may not be appropriate to reproduce the plant nitrogen uptake process. Secondly, a new parsimonious nitrogen model, TETIS-N, is implemented in a semiarid anthropogenic agricultural ecosystem. Since agriculture is the major source of diffuse pollution, being nitrogen and sediment pollution of water bodies its main associated environmental impacts, this second approach aims to improve its sustainability by evaluating the impact of several management practices on nitrogen and sediment loads, and horticultural crop yields. As a result, each management practice resulted effective in reducing a certain type of diffuse pollution, and therefore, combined scenarios are necessary to cope with all agricultural pollution sources. This thesis proved that each ecosystem has different characteristics and behaviours and therefore, different modelling necessities. Consequently, current models should include an integrate modelling of both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems.[ES] El nitr贸geno es un componente fundamental de los organismos vivos, pero tambi茅n es escaso en las formas en que la vegetaci贸n puede asimilarlo, lo que lo convierte en un elemento limitante para el crecimiento de la vegetaci贸n. Sin embargo, debido a la introducci贸n de nitr贸geno mineral por el hombre, tambi茅n se ha convertido en un contaminante importante en los ecosistemas. Tanto los ecosistemas naturales como los antr贸picos, suministran bienes y servicios importantes y, para poder mantener los niveles de vida, es necesario preservar los ecosistemas naturales, por un lado, y mejorar la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas antr贸picos por otro. De esta forma, los modelos matem谩ticos que incluyen la modelizaci贸n del ciclo de nitr贸geno son herramientas 煤tiles que permiten el an谩lisis de las relaciones y los comportamientos de estos ecosistemas. Por lo que existe una clara necesidad de continuar desarrollando y probando nuevos modelos de nitr贸geno, principalmente con un enfoque integrado, capaces de abordar las diferentes caracter铆sticas y comportamientos de los ecosistemas naturales y antr贸picos. De esta forma, el objetivo de esta tesis es mejorar la modelizaci贸n del ciclo de nitr贸geno, explorando diferentes enfoques de modelizaci贸n parsimoniosa dentro del continuo planta-suelo-agua en ecosistemas semi谩ridos naturales y antr贸picos. Para abordar este objetivo, se han desarrollado e implementado dos modelos de nitr贸geno parsimoniosos en dos escenarios diferentes En primer lugar, se ha desarrollado e implementado un nuevo modelo parsimonioso de carbono y nitr贸geno, TETIS-CN, en un ecosistema de bosque natural semi谩rido. Este primer enfoque intenta contribuir a una mejor comprensi贸n y modelizaci贸n de los ciclos hidrol贸gico y biogeoqu铆micos (carbono y nitr贸geno) y de sus interacciones en condiciones semi谩ridas. As铆 mismo, se comprueba la capacidad del modelo propuesto para reproducirlos satisfactoriamente. Los resultados son satisfactorios y sugieren que es importante incluir observaciones de carbono en el proceso de calibraci贸n, considerar todas las especies de vegetaci贸n existentes en la simulaci贸n, y que una absorci贸n potencial diaria fija puede no ser apropiada para reproducir el proceso de absorci贸n de nitr贸geno por parte de la vegetaci贸n. En segundo lugar, se ha desarrollado e implementado un nuevo modelo de nitr贸geno parsimonioso, TETIS-N, en un ecosistema agr铆cola antr贸pico semi谩rido. Dado que la agricultura es la principal fuente de contaminaci贸n difusa, siendo la contaminaci贸n por nitr贸geno y sedimentos de las masas de agua, su principal impacto ambiental, este segundo enfoque tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de varias pr谩cticas de gesti贸n en las descargas de nitr贸geno y sedimentos, as铆 como en la producci贸n de los cultivos hort铆colas. Como resultado, cada pr谩ctica de gesti贸n resulta efectiva en la reducci贸n de cierto tipo de contaminaci贸n difusa y, por lo tanto, se necesitan escenarios combinados para hacer frente a todas las fuentes de contaminaci贸n agr铆cola. Esta tesis ha demostrado que cada ecosistema tiene diferentes caracter铆sticas y comportamientos y, por lo tanto, diferentes necesidades de modelizaci贸n, por lo que los modelos actuales deben incluir una modelizaci贸n integrada de los ecosistemas naturales y antr贸picos.[CA] El nitrogen 茅s un component fonamental dels organismes vius, per貌 tamb茅 茅s esc脿s en les formes en qu猫 la vegetaci贸 pot assimilar-ho, convertint-lo en un element limitant per al creixement de la vegetaci贸. No obstant, a causa de la introducci贸 de nitrogen mineral per l'home, tamb茅 s'ha convertit en un contaminant important als ecosistemes. Tant els ecosistemes naturals com els antr貌pics, subministren b茅ns i serveis importants i, per a poder mantenir els nivells de vida, 茅s necessari preservar els ecosistemes naturals, d'una banda, i millorar la sostenibilitat dels ecosistemes antr貌pics per altra. D'aquesta forma, els models matem脿tics que inclouen la modelitzaci贸 del cicle del nitrogen s贸n eines 煤tils que permeten l'an脿lisi de les relacions i els comportaments d'aquests ecosistemes. Per tant, existeix una clara necessitat de continuar desenvolupant i provant nous models de nitrogen, principalment amb un enfocament integrat, capa莽os d'abordar les diferents caracter铆stiques i comportaments dels ecosistemes naturals i antr貌pics. D'aquesta forma, l'objectiu d'aquesta tesi 茅s millorar la modelitzaci贸 del cicle del nitrogen, explorant diferents enfocaments de modelitzaci贸 parsimoniosa dins del continu planta-s貌l-aigua en ecosistemes semi脿rids naturals i antr貌pics. Per a abordar aquest objectiu, s'han desenvolupat i implementat dos models de nitrogen parsimoniosos en dos escenaris diferents. En primer lloc, s'ha desenvolupat i implementat un nou model parsimoni贸s de carboni i nitrogen, TETIS-CN, en un ecosistema de bosc natural semi脿rid. Aquest primer enfocament intenta contribuir a una millor comprensi贸 i modelitzaci贸 dels cicles hidrol貌gic i biogeoqu铆mics (carboni i nitrogen) i de les seues interaccions en condicions semi脿rides. Aix铆 mateix, comprova la capacitat del model proposat per a reproduir-los satisfact貌riament. Els resultats s贸n satisfactoris i suggereixen que 茅s important incloure observacions de carboni en el proc茅s de calibratge, considerar totes les esp猫cies de vegetaci贸 existents en la simulaci贸, i que una absorci贸 potencial di脿ria fixa pugues no ser apropiada per a reproduir el proc茅s d'absorci贸 de nitrogen per part de la vegetaci贸. En segon lloc, s'ha desenvolupat i implementat un nou model de nitrogen parsimoni贸s, TETIS-N, en un ecosistema agr铆cola antr貌pic semi脿rid. At猫s que l'agricultura 茅s la principal font de contaminaci贸 difusa, sent la contaminaci贸 per nitrogen i sediments de les masses d'aigua, el seu principal impacte ambiental, aquest segon enfocament t茅 com a objectiu avaluar l'impacte de diverses pr脿ctiques de gesti贸 en les desc脿rregues de nitrogen i sediments, aix铆 com en la producci贸 dels cultius hort铆coles. Com a resultat, cada pr脿ctica de gesti贸 resulta efectiva en la reducci贸 de cert tipus de contaminaci贸 difusa i, per tant, es necessiten escenaris combinats per a fer front a totes les fonts de contaminaci贸 agr铆cola. Aquesta tesi ha demostrat que cada ecosistema t茅 diferents caracter铆stiques i comportaments i, per tant, diferents necessitats de modelitzaci贸, per tant, els models actuals han d'incloure una modelitzaci贸 integrada dels ecosistemes naturals i antr貌pics.Esta tesis doctoral no habr铆a sido posible sin la financiaci贸n proporcionada por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci贸n a trav茅s del proyecto TETISMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-3-R) y la Uni贸n Europea a trav茅s del proyecto LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063 RESILIENTFORESTS.Puertes Castellano, C. (2020). Exploring the possibilities of parsimonious nitrogen modelling in different ecosystems [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Polit猫cnica de Val猫ncia. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/138141TESI

    La riada de Valencia de 1957: reconstrucci贸n hidrol贸gica y sedimentol贸gica y an谩lisis comparativo con la situaci贸n actual

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    Puertes-Castellano, C.; Franc茅s, F. (2015). La riada de Valencia de 1957: reconstrucci贸n hidrol贸gica y sedimentol贸gica y an谩lisis comparativo con la situaci贸n actual. Universidad de C贸rdoba. 1-10. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/142693S11

    Explaining the hydrological behaviour of facultative phreatophytes using a multi-variable and multi-objective modelling approach

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    [EN] Trees in semiarid conditions survive despite water scarcity and shallow soils because they commonly have access to subsoil water resources. Currently, conventional models do not include groundwater transpiration and the results frequently underestimate the actual evapotranspiration and overestimate the net recharge. Therefore, in this work we focus on how a multi-variable calibration with a multi-objective approach may improve model robustness leading to a more realistic closure of the water balance in two models (LEACHM and TETIS) of different conceptualisation taking into account the specific characteristics of a facultative phreatophytic forest. The results suggest that the common single-variable and single-objective calibration is not able to measure all system驴s characteristics. However, the multi-variable and multi-objective calibration proved a good option to reproduce the water dynamics of a facultative phreatophytic forest and confirmed that groundwater transpiration is an important water source for them. Therefore, hydrological models should include this mechanism and both LEACHM and TETIS proved an acceptable tool to be applied in the regions covered by this species.This work was supported by the聽Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation聽through the research projects: TETISMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-3-R), SILWAMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-2-R) and TETISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B-100), and by the project LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063 RESILIENTFORESTS.Puertes-Castellano, C.; Lid贸n, A.; Echeverria, C.; Bautista, I.; Gonz谩lez Sanchis, MDC.; Campo Garc铆a, ADD.; Franc茅s, F. (2019). Explaining the hydrological behaviour of facultative phreatophytes using a multi-variable and multi-objective modelling approach. Journal of Hydrology. 575:395-407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.05.041S39540757

    Improving the modelling and understanding of carbon-nitrogen-water interactions in a semiarid Mediterranean oak forest

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    [EN] Mediterranean drylands are often nutrient poor, but parameter requirements of forest ecosystem models are usually high. Therefore, there is a need for developing parsimonious nutrients models. In that sense, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding and modelling of the hydrological and biogeochemical (carbon and nitrogen) cycles and their interactions in semiarid conditions and to test the capability of a new parsimonious model to satisfactorily reproduce them. The proposed model (TETIS-CN) and two additional widely used models were implemented in a Quercus ilex forest, and no noteworthy differences were found. Results suggest that: (1) it is important to include carbon observations in the calibration process and to consider all the existing vegetation species in the simulation; (2) a fixed daily potential uptake may not be appropriate to reproduce plant nitrogen uptake; and (3) TETIS-CN, with a lower number of parameters, proved an acceptable tool.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the research projects: TETISMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-3-R), SILWAMED (CGL2014-58127-C3-2-R), CEHYRFO-MED (CGL2017-86839-C3-2-R) and TETISCHANGE (RTI2018-093717-B100), and by the project LIFE17CCA/ES/000063 RESILIENTFORESTS.Puertes-Castellano, C.; Gonz谩lez-Sanchis, MDC.; Lid贸n, A.; Bautista, I.; Del Campo Garc铆a, AD.; Lull, C.; Franc茅s, F. (2020). Improving the modelling and understanding of carbon-nitrogen-water interactions in a semiarid Mediterranean oak forest. Ecological Modelling. 420:1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.108976S11842
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